Mongolia Travel Guide

With its vast and beautiful landscape and its small population, Mongolia is an increasingly popular destination for tourists from around the world. In an increasingly fast-paced world of constant and overbearing data and communications, many people are attracted to the vast and wild beauty of the Mongolian land, where animals graze freely in the pastures, and where magnificent and untouched sceneries can be followed as far as the eye can see. Is is one of the few remaining places where you can find yourself in complete solitude, in a remote and peaceful place far away from the many distractions of modern life, in close communion with nature.

For many, the allure of Mongolia is not just due to the vastness of this wild and pristine land and its abundant and diverse wildlife. It is also for an endearing culture of nomadic people that has survived almost unchanged for centuries. In many ways, Mongolia truly is the "last frontier”. A sometimes harsh and unforgiving, but in many ways simpler existence has taught these people the true value of life; a meaning that many of us have forgotten, lost in an ultimately unimportant materialistic world of needs and wants. This harshness and a need for cooperation resulted in a culture of tremendous hospitality, making these nomads more accessible and willing to open their doors to strangers. 

While this hospitality can be refreshing in a world of fences and locked doors, please do not abuse it, and remain courteous and appreciative, keeping in mind that as the Mongolian people increasingly open their doors to the world; this will inevitably change their culture and way of life.

The Mongolian landscape is incredibly diverse, featuring lush prairies, turquoise lakes, towering mountains, and expansive deserts. Its rich history is woven into the fabric of the land, with traces of one of the world's oldest cultures visible throughout. Mongolia is home to many historical sites, including remnants of the Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan in the 13th century. This empire, the largest contiguous land empire in history, emerged from the unification of nomadic tribes in Mongolia and stretched from the Sea of Japan to Siberia, the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, the Iranian plateau, the Levant, Arabia, and Eastern Europe. This legacy remains a source of national pride for Mongolians today.

Mongolia is often called the "Land of Blue Skies," and for good reason—there are approximately 250 sunny days each year. However, weather can change abruptly, and rain is common in certain regions. Snowfall can even begin in higher elevations as early as late July. With an average elevation of 1,580 meters (5,183 feet), Mongolia offers stunning opportunities for stargazing, especially given the clear, unpolluted night skies. The country's highest point is Khüiten Peak, at 4,374 meters (14,350 feet), located on the Chinese border in western Mongolia. Summer temperatures vary, with hot days and cooler nights, while winters can be extremely cold, dropping to -40°C in some regions.

When traveling in Mongolia, it’s important to be prepared for remote conditions. Though the country is developing rapidly, modern conveniences like running water and indoor plumbing may be scarce in rural areas. Carry essentials like wet wipes, toilet paper, and a flashlight. Electricity is typically available, but showers and proper bathrooms can be rare luxuries. Water will likely be drawn from wells, and yurts (traditional Mongolian dwellings) are often stocked with firewood to stay warm during the night.

Though paved roads are becoming more common, Mongolia’s harsh climate is tough on infrastructure, and reaching remote areas often requires rugged off-road travel. Expect bumpy rides in old Russian jeeps or 4x4 vans. Despite the lack of maps, GPS, or road signs, Mongolian drivers are highly skilled at navigating the terrain and will get you to your destination, which will undoubtedly be worth the journey.

Nomadic traditions remain strong in Mongolia, and time is often viewed differently. Punctuality is not a priority, so it’s important to embrace the moment, relax, and let things happen at their own pace. If you visit a nomadic family, it’s customary to bring small gifts, such as candy for children or something useful for the household. Be mindful of ger (yurt) etiquette during your visit.

In contrast to the remote wilderness, Mongolia's capital, Ulaanbaatar, is a bustling and rapidly growing city. Here, you’ll find nomads transitioning to modern life, enjoying conveniences like running water, diverse restaurants, and shopping centers. However, the city also has its share of construction sites and Soviet-era buildings. Ulaanbaatar’s city center is focused around the presidential palace and Sükhbaatar Square.

The Mongolian language can be challenging for foreigners, but learning a few basic phrases will be greatly appreciated by locals. Part of Mongolia’s cultural uniqueness stems from its relative isolation during the Soviet era. While Mongolia suffered during the Stalinist repressions of 1937–1939 (as illustrated in the excellent Mongolian movie Moilkhon (A Pearl in the Forest), it also benefited from Soviet protection and influence until the collapse of the USSR in 1989. Russian and European influences are still evident today, but Mongolia is now a developing country seeking to maintain balance with its powerful neighbors while harnessing its vast natural resources for future prosperity.